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Obninsk Nuclear Power Station, ((ロシア語:Обнинская АЭС), Obninskaja AES []), was built in the "Science City" of Obninsk,〔[http://www.neimagazine.com/features/featureobninsk-number-one Nuclear Engineering International: Obninsk - number one, by Lev Kotchetkov], who was there at the time. Source for most of the information in this article.〕 Kaluga Oblast, about 110 km southwest of Moscow. It was the first grid-connected nuclear power station in the world, i.e. the first nuclear reactor that produced commercial electricity, albeit at small scale. It was located at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=World Nuclear Association )〕 The plant is also known as ''APS-1 Obninsk'' (Atomic Power Station 1 Obninsk). It remained in operation between 1954 and 2002,〔 although its production of electricity for the grid ceased in 1959; thereafter it functioned as a research and isotope production plant only. According to Lev Kotchetkov, who was there at the time: "Although utilisation of generated heat was going on, and production of isotopes was even enhanced, the main task was to carry out experimental studies on 17 test loops installed in the reactor."〔 The technology perfected in the Obninsk pilot plant was later employed on a much larger scale in the RBMK reactors.〔 ==Design== The single reactor unit at the plant, ''AM-1'' ("Атом Мирный", Russian for ''Atom Mirny'', or "peaceful atom"), had a total electrical capacity of 6 MW and a net capacity of around 5 MWe. Thermal output was 30 MW. It was a prototype design using a graphite moderator and water coolant. This reactor was a forerunner of the RBMK reactors. The Obninsk reactor used 5% enriched Uranium; this percentage would be lowered for subsequent reactors.〔cite book|author=S. E. Hunt|title=Fission, Fusion and The Energy Crisis|year=1980|publisher=Pergamon Press|tor and water coolant. This reactor was a forerunner of the RBMK reactors. The Obninsk reactor used 5% enriched Uranium; this percentage would be lowered for subsequent reactors.〔cite book|author=S. E. Hunt|title=Fission, Fusion and The Energy Crisis|year=1980|publisher=Pergamon Press|isbn=978-1-4831-4861-8|page=92|edition=2nd}}〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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